This lesson looks at ways that the ideology of Manifest Destiny expressed both national political objectives and the goals of ordinary men and women who settled the west. Students will explain the economic, political, racial, and religious roots of Manifest Destiny and analyze how the concept influenced the nation’s westward expansion. They will also understand the motivations and expectations of Americans who settled in the West.

In an interview, a zookeeper at the Columbus, Ohio, polar bear exhibit describes time she spent at Churchill, Manitoba, educating tourists about polar bears and what can be done to help populations in the wild. This interview appeared in the free, online magazine Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears.

This formative assessment item uncovers student ideas and misconceptions about melting icebergs. It determines if students believe that water levels will rise due to melting icebergs. Resources provided will assist teachers. It gives instructional support as well as information for teachers. This probe is aligned to National Science Education Standards (NSES).

This article describes a number of creative projects that incorporate art and literacy skills into a science unit on biomes and ecosystems.

This informational text introduces students to Mt. Erebus, a volcano located on Ross Island, just off the coast of Antarctica. Mt. Erebus is the world's southernmost active volcano. The text is written at a grade two through grade three reading level. This version is a full-color PDF that can be printed, cut and folded to form a book. Each book contains color photographs and illustrations.

This informational text introduces students to Mt. Erebus, a volcano located on Ross Island, just off the coast of Antarctica. Mt. Erebus is the world's southernmost active volcano. The text is written at a grade two through grade three reading level. This is a PDF containing the informational text and a glossary.

This informational text introduces students to Mt. Erebus, a volcano located on Ross Island, just off the coast of Antarctica. Mt. Erebus is the world's southernmost active volcano. Students read about the volcano in a simplified manner. The text is written at a kindergarten through grade one reading level. This version is a full-color PDF that can be printed, cut and folded to form a book. Each book contains color photographs and illustrations.

This article describes the work of Hubert Staudigel and Cathy Constable, researchers from Scripps Institution of Oceanography who study Mt. Erebus, Antarctica's most active volcano.

In this lesson, students examine the Great War through analysis of primary and secondary sources with an emphasis on different viewpoints and types of mediums. Students will then choose their own medium to demonstrate views of the different countries and the impact of the Great War on individuals.

In this lesson, students will compare John Smith's account of the Powhatan Indians with other primary source material about the Powhatans. They will then compare ideas and facts from each source to determine similarities and differerences.

This article provides background information related to natural resources of the poles, and renewable and non-renewable energy.

This article examines science education from the what, when, and how perspectives and describes resources that support a reform view of teaching and learning.

In this lesson, students will use editorial cartoons dealing with the Nixon and Watergate scandal to understand the role of executive privilege.

In this podcast, learn how to address climate misconceptions and avoid the fear of climate change by using activities that inspire and empower students.

This article describes the importance of teaching students the strategy of note taking and includes a template for use with elementary students.

In this lesson, students will collaboratively analyze and compare editorial cartoons focusing on the Cold War and nuclear weapons. Students will identify the cartoonists' intentions and evaluate the effectiveness of the message of each cartoon. Then, they will put forward a three to five paragraph essay explaining the assign cartoon packets theme.

This article profiles Gerrit Vyn and Martha Fischer, sound recordists with the Macaulay Library, Cornell University, and their expedition to Nunavut, Canada, to record male sanderling vocalizations.

In this podcast, hear the stories of polar researchers and learn about one teacher's trip to Antarctica.

This article discusses a strategy to help elementary students organize information while doing research.

This article features children's literature about erosion, glaciers, earthquakes, and volcanoes for use in the elementary classroom.