Sample Learning Goals
Describe the relationships between volume and amount of solute to solution concentration
Explain qualitatively the relationship between solution color and concentration
Predict and explain how solution concentration will change for adding or removing: water, solute, and/or solution
Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity (mol/L)
Design a procedure for creating a solution of a given concentration
Identify when a solution is saturated and predict how concentration will change for adding or removing: water, solute, and/or solution
Describe the relationship between the solution concentration and the intensity of light that is absorbed/transmitted
Describe the relationship between absorbance, molar absorptivity, path length, and concentration in Beer’s Law
Predict how the intensity of light absorbed/transmitted will change with changes in solution type, solution concentration, container width, or light source, and explain why

This demonstration involves properties of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. A video is included in addition to the written instructions. It touches on a number of areas of chemistry: density of gases, solubility of gases, sublimation and combustion. Each of these areas could be explored in more detail, depending on the level of the group.

This is a culminating activity to be used after completion of a Solutions unit, or later in the curriculum as review or evidence of concept retention. Students will create and label molecular level drawings of aqueous solutions, differentiating between dilute and concentrated solutions, electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions, and to illustrate how an ionic solid dissolves.  For each, students will explain in detail what is happening using Livescribe Echo pens.

Watch your solution change color as you mix chemicals with water. Then check molarity with the concentration meter. What are all the ways you can change the concentration of your solution? Switch solutes to compare different chemicals and find out how concentrated you can go before you hit saturation! Review teacher-submitted activities for ideas on embedding this interactive into lessons.

Students will explore solubility by designing an experiment to see if temperature affects the amount of dissolving of the sugar coating of an M&M candy. Students will also examine and compare solubility graphs for salt, sugar, and potassium chloride. At the end of the activity, students should be able to explain, on the molecular level, why increasing temperature increases the rate of dissolving. Supplemental student reading material is also provided as part of this lesson.

In this "quick lab", students evaporate a saturated salt solution to produce a variety of salt crystals (table salt, epsom salt, alum) over a night or weekend. The following day, they draw, describe, and compare their crystals with those of their classmates.

In this online lesson, students define solubility and list factors that affect it. They will also define concentration and explain how to calculate it.

In this lesson, students will explore the solubilities of solids and gases in liquid solutions. Students will create their own solutions with both liquid and solid solutes to apply the differences in their solubility characteristics. Students will recognize the relationship between the solubility of solids and changes in pressure and temperature; recognize the relationship between the solubility of gases and changes in pressure and temperature; create different types of solutions during a hands-on lab.

In this lab, students will investigate the solubility and miscibility of several substances using water as the solvent. Students will submit a lab report that includes predictions, data table, and analysis explaining whether materials were soluble or insoluble in molecular terms and/or drawing molecular diagrams of the substances.

In this lesson, students will learn about the components that make up liquid solutions as well as environmental factors that can change their characteristics. Students will also examine solubility curve graphs to explore how environmental factors affect the amount of solubility present in solutions. The teacher will begin instruction with a demonstration of supersaturation using a sodium acetate solution. Additional instructional resources include a solubility presentation, suitable for lecture, and handouts providing practice in reading and interpreting solubility curve graphs.

Students make a 2-D model of a salt crystal and use water molecule cut-outs to show how water dissolves salt. After seeing an animation of water dissolving salt, students will compare how well water and alcohol dissolve salt. They will relate their observations to the structure of salt, water, and alcohol on the molecular level.